Extraction of agricultural drought in the areas of the rolling plains of the province of Arbil using the standard rain guide technique (SP

Abstract

This study evaluated the agricultural drought periods in the undulating plains of the province of Erbil areas using the rain standard technique guide (Standard Precipitation Index) (SPI) in the analysis of the rainfall records. This study is one of the geographical studies which focused on the study of agricultural and climate. There is no doubt that the agricultural drought is one of the most important phenomena that have attracted much attention in academic and scientific sectors, and nowadays this phenomenon is one of the global problems that have not only affected a limited or a specific area but occupies a large area of ​​the globe. Therefore, this phenomenon has attracted much attention due to its relationship with food production and its environmental, social and economic impacts. In general, this research is divided into four sections, these are; a) the theoretical framework for the study; b) the concept of drought and agricultural drought in the geo-climatic studies ; c) analysis of rain characteristics of the study area according to the latest data ritual; d) And finally determine the recurrence of agricultural drought in the area under investigation in this study area. To extract the agricultural drought for the study area we have focused on the (5) weather station records that distributed geographically across the study area,  for the period (1973-2016) for the Salahuddin and Erbil weather stations (1988-2016) for the Makhmur weather station (from 2000 to 2016 ) and Khabat weather station (2002-2016) Koya weather station.

    The study revealed that the percentage of the dry growing seasons experienced by the study area  consist of  (67.9%, 58.1%, 44.2%) of the Makhmur, Erbil and Salahuddin station, respectively, and the category of most common classified  region using the SPI classification was Mild drought and Mild wet, reaching seasons of moderate drought (73.7% and 76%) of the total dry seasons in a Makhmur and Erbil stations, respectively, while moderate seasons amounted to moisture (66.6% and 72.2% and 54.1%) of the total seasons moderate humid in a Makhmur, Erbil and Salahuddin station, respectively. Finally, the study proposed a number of recommendations regarding the optimal use of surface and ground water resources in the study area to take advantage of them to combat this phenomenon of agricultural drought.